'Purifying fires'

Civil War memorial on the common of Amherst, N.H. The town was named for mass murderer Lord Jeffrey Amherst. (See below.)

“The Republic needed to be passed through chastening, purifying fires of adversity and suffering; so these came and did their work and the verdure of a new national life springs greenly, luxuriantly, from their ashes.’’

— Horace Greeley, New York City editor, publisher and essayist, in Greeley on Lincoln. A native of Amherst, N.H., he was and is widely quoted. He is famously reputed to have said: “Go West, young man, go West and grow up with the country.’’

Greeley birthplace

Settled about 1733, Amherst was first called "Narragansett Number 3", and then later "Souhegan Number 3". In 1741, settlers formed the Congregational church and hired the first minister. Chartered on Jan. 18 1760, the town was named for General Lord Jeffrey Amherst, who commanded British forces in North America during the French and Indian War. Lord Amherst is also known for promoting the practice of giving smallpox-infected blankets to Native Americans in an effort "to Extirpate this Execrable Race" (as quoted from his letter to Col. Henry Bouquet on July 16, 1763). His actions may have killed at least 100 people.

John Smith's 'virtual colonization' of 'New England'

 

John Smith's version of New England in  his 1616 map,The map is in the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library, at Yale University, in New Haven.

Michael Blanding has written a delightful piece for the June 15 Boston Globe about English explorer/entrepreneur John Smith's fantastical map of New England, published in 1616 and based on Mr.  Smith's expedition of 1614. The map was the first document to call the region "New England''.  Other English place names were plunked in on the order of the then crown prince of England, Charles (as in the Charles River).

You'd never know from the map that most of the region was woods and  that the settlements were Indian, with, of course, Indian names. But then, Mr. Smith apparently really did think  that a freer, happier version of Olde England could be planted in "New England,'' and rather rapidly.

I  (Whitcomb) love the scorpion tail of "Cape James'' (named after the English king of the time, James I, Charles's father) now known as Cape Cod.

As Mr. Blanding noted: {T}he scale of Smith's fictitious landscape was an unprecedented act of virtual colonization, drawn before a single permanent English settlement had been founded'' in New England.

But by associating the region so closely with England with these names, he helped draw the English here to take over. They were lucky, if that is the word, that a series of epidemics of diseases  introduced into the region by European traders and sailors, probably operating mostly along the Maine coast, about the time of the map wiped out the majority of the Indians, whose settlements had quite different names than the Plimouth, etc.,  that Mr. Smith gave them to drum up business. The Indians had no immunity from these  Eurasian diseases, which included smallpox.

Thus southern New England has a mixture of Indian and English  place names.